In vitro investigation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of 3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamic acid

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Title: In vitro investigation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of 3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamic acid
Researcher: Taweesak Dhammaraj, Phoobet Kotseekieo, Tunnathon Chotikarn, Narumol Phosrithong, Wattanakarn Praison, Tossapol Prasomsub, Panupong Lumthong, Warangrat Supaporn, Bunleu Sungthong, Chawannuch Mudjupa, Pawitra Pulbutr
Degree: Doctor of Pharmacy Program in Pharmaceutical Care
Major: Pharm.D. (Pharm.Care)
Faculty of study: Pharmacy
Academic year: 2566 (2023)
Published: Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, Volume 13, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 439-449. doi: 10.34172/jhp.2024.49420  JHP

 

Abstract

Introduction: Xanthine oxidase inhibitors with strong antioxidant activity are promising candidates for the treatment of gout and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related disorders. 3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid (THCA), a natural hydroxycinnamic acid, exhibits strong antioxidant activities. This study investigated its xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities in comparison with sinapic acid, caffeic acid, and allopurinol. Methods: In vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory assay and a Lineweaver-Burk plot were used to measure enzyme inhibition activity and pattern. A docking study was used to explore hydroxycinnamic acid-xanthine oxidase interactions. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Results: THCA (IC50 = 61.60±8.00 µM) inhibited xanthine oxidase more potently than sinapic acid and caffeic acid (IC50s = 117.00±4.00 and 214.00±5.00 µM), but less than allopurinol (IC50 = 2.84±0.41 µM) (P<0.05). THCA and allopurinol were competitive xanthine oxidase inhibitors with inhibition constants (Ki) of 170 and 2.12 µM, respectively. The docking investigation revealed that hydroxycinnamic acids occupied the enzyme active site near the molybdopterin core. THCA formed one more hydrogen bond with the enzyme active site than the other hydroxycinnamic acids, which could account for its higher inhibitory potency. THCA had significantly the strongest DPPH-radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 16.45±3.35 μM) and higher than ascorbic acid (IC50 = 33.16±7.38 μM)(P<0.05). Conclusion: THCA inhibits xanthine oxidase and has good antioxidant properties even more than sinapic acid and caffeic acid. Thus, it is a promising natural active compound that should be further investigated for the treatment of gout and other ROS-related disorders.

Keywords: Hydroxycinnamic acid, Enzyme inhibition, Xanthine oxidase, Antioxidant, Docking study


In vitro investigation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of 3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamic acid. 2566 (2023). -. บทความ (Paper). Advisor: ผศ. ดร. นฤมล โพธิ์ศรีทอง – Asst. Prof. Dr. Narumol Phosritong. วิทยาศาสตร์สุขภาพ|Health Science. เภสัชศาสตร์ (Pharmacy). เภสัชศาสตรบัณฑิต ภ.บ. (การบริบาลทางเภสัชกรรม) – Pharm.D. (Pharm.Care). หลักสูตรเภสัชศาสตรบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาการบริบาลทางเภสัชกรรม – Doctor of Pharmacy Program in Pharmaceutical Care. Bangkok: Siam University

Academic Year 2023, วิทยาศาสตร์สุขภาพ|Health Science, เภสัชศาสตร์ (Pharmacy), เภสัชศาสตรบัณฑิต ภ.บ. (การบริบาลทางเภสัชกรรม) – Pharm.D. (Pharm.Care),หลักสูตรเภสัชศาสตรบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาการบริบาลทางเภสัชกรรม – Doctor of Pharmacy Program in Pharmaceutical Care

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